Similarities Between “Anthem” and the Creation Story Essay Sample free essay sample

Possibly the most good known narrative of the Holy Bible is that of the creative activity narrative. In this narrative. God creates the Earth in six yearss and remainders on the seventh. after making visible radiation. dark. oceans. and animate beings of all types. When he feels that there should be animals other than animate beings. he creates adult male. in His image. He names this adult male Adam. and so creates a opposite number for his new creative activity. Eve. Adam and Eve lived together in harmoniousness with God and all the other animate beings in the Garden of Eden. a Eden where immorality did non be. and their lone regulation was to non eat from the tree of Knowledge. However. Adam and Eve. under the enticement of the snake. showed greed. and wanted to be more like God. so they ate the fruit. in order to go like God. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities Between â€Å"Anthem† and the Creation Story Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When compared in deepness. the supporter of the creative activity narrative. Adam. and the street sweeper. Equality 7-2521. of Ayn Rand’s Anthem are condemned work forces. whose narratives are really similar. salvage one key difference. These two work forces were condemned for the exact same ground: they let their greed overpower every other feeling they had. â€Å"â€Å"You will surely non decease. † the snake said to the adult female â€Å"For God knows that when you eat from it ( the tree of cognition ) your eyes will be opened. and you will be like God. cognizing good and evil† ( Genesis 3:4-5 ) . While it was non Adam who though of eating from the tree. he did do the witting determination to fall victim to the ineluctable greed that all worlds are plagued with. Equality 7-2521 fell to the same greed that Adam had. but towards another party. himself. In the society that Equality 7-2521 lives. there is no remarkable â€Å"I† . there is merely â€Å"we† . In fact. the penalty for the denial of the belief that they have adopted. â€Å"What is non done jointly can non be good† ( Rand 73 ) . is decease. When Equality 7-2521 discovers a hole that leads down to a railroad station fro m the â€Å"Unspeakable Times† . he finds himself drawn to it. Equality 7-2521 enjoyed being entirely in the dark of the station. and in making so he was perpetrating a mortal offense in his society. Both of these work forces were subjected to the greed. which was supposed to be nonexistent in their universes. that is undeniably a portion of human nature. and in making so. offended the most powerful figures of their societies. In the Bible. God is the Godhead. the destroyer. and is the individual most powerful entity in the universe of Adam. When Adam and his married woman. Eve. Ate from the tree of cognition. this enraged God. and they were punished greatly for it. â€Å"To Adam He ( God ) said. â€Å"Because you listened to your married woman and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you. ‘You must non eat from it. ’ â€Å"Cursed is the land because of you ; through painful labor you will eat nutrient from it all the yearss of your life. It will bring forth irritants and thistles for you. and you will eat the workss of the field. By the perspiration of your forehead. you will eat your nutrient until you return to the land. since from it you were taken ; for dust you are and dust you are to return† ( Genesis 3:17-19 ) . As a consequence of his noncompliance to God. Adam and his married woman are forced to endure through the hurting of decease. without the comfort of the Gar den of Eden. where decease and hungriness were neer a job. For this ground. they were put on the Earth: to open up a civilisation of their ain. and unrecorded off of it. â€Å"Adam made love to his married woman Eve. and she became pregnant and gave birth to Cain. She said â€Å"With the aid of the Lord. I have brought away man† Later. she gave birth to his brother Abel† ( Genesis 4:1-2 ) . This. dwelling the Earth. and making a civilisation to populate in. is now Adam and Eve’s precedence. to populate off of others. as they can now see decease. Such a destiny is similar to Equality 7-2521. when he offends the bookmans of his town after demoing them the merchandise of his sedateness. â€Å"How dared you think that your head held greater wisdom than the heads of your brothers? And if the councils had decreed that you should be a Sweet Sweeper. how dare you think that you could be of greater usage to adult male than in brushing the streets? † â€Å"We shall present this animal to the World Council itself and allow their will be done. † ( Rand 71. 72 ) . Equality 7-2521. in his dependence to being entirely. has offende d the â€Å"gods† of his society. similar to God in the creative activity narrative. For his actions. Equality 7-2521 is tortured. and about experiences decease. as Adam does when he offended God by eating of the tree. Equality 7-2521 subsequently flights from his prison. where he was tortured. and made his manner to the â€Å"Uncharted Forest† . a topographic point where no adult male is permitted entryway. He comes across a house from the â€Å"Unspeakable Times† and inhabits it with a fellow refugee. Liberty 5-3000. whom he loves. The undertaking that Equaltiy 7-2521 assigns himself after many yearss of contemplation is to construct up a force against the society of â€Å"we† . He says that he will salvage his friends. â€Å"And they will follow me and I shall take them to my fortress. And here. in this chartless wilderness. I and they. my chosen friends. my fellow-builders. shall compose the first chapter in the history of man† ( Rand 101 ) . Adam and Equality 7-2521 both took it upon themselves to construct a new society when they were cast out of their old 1 for piquing the most powerful figures. However. their results were rather different in how they took their e arful. Adam. after being told that he is capable to trouble and enduring. when God proclaims. â€Å"By the perspiration of your forehead. you will eat your nutrient until you return to the land. since from it you were taken ; for dust you are and dust you are to return† . shows no reaction. It is about as if he accepted his destiny without reproach. which seems really curious. given the old conditions of his life agreement. While Adam solemnly accepts his destiny. Equality 7-2521 embracings it with unfastened weaponries. laughing after he fell from a tree subdivision. upon a bed of moss. so continuing to turn over down the moss bed. branchlets and foliages in his apparels and hair ( Rand 79 ) . The new milieus that Equality 7-2521. who has taken on the name of Prometheus. has inhabited are new and exciting. all around. and he portions it with his lover. Liberty 5-3000. who now goes by Gaea. Adam and Equality 7-2521. or Prometheus. are about one in the same adult male: both fell victim to their ain greed. both offended the â€Å"gods† of their society. and both were deemed castawaies. taking their lovers with them. While the buildup to the flood tide of both the narratives of Adam and Equality 7-2521 are about the same. they branch off from each other towards the terminal. Adam. accepting decease as a world. and Equality 7-2521. accepting new life as a free adult male. While both work forces were presented with less than pleasant state of affairss. they made the best out of them: Adam. protracting the lifetime of the human race with the company of Eve. and Equality 7-2521 defecting from his old place. choosing to get down a new one with Liberty 5-3000 and his friends. traveling to demo that a state of affairs is what one makes of it. non what is already made for them. Plants Cited The Holy Bible: New International Version: Incorporating the Old Testament and the New Testament. Colorado Springs. Carbon monoxide: International Bible Society. 1984.Print. Rand. Ayn. Anthem. New York: Dutton. 1995. Print.

relationships essays

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Write an essay on theme Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Write an on theme - Essay Example ing repulsion for the flavorless, colorless mass of everyday existence† (Cather 453) and the boring classroom with "bare floors and naked walls," (Cather 458) and the teachers in "dull gowns" with "shrill voices"(Cather 458) who felt that he was a little odd. The novel opens with a situation where Paul is suspended from school for reasons which the teachers cannot pinpoint. At the same time he has a somewhat ostentatious appearance with "something of the dandy about him"(Cather 448). The inner feeling of Paul makes him appear to be on drugs with dilated, unusually brilliant and large eyes. However, Paul is not on drugs but he lives in an altered condition of consciousness. The theme of the novel is surreal because the boy is not attracted to his life at home and school, instead he finds happiness in the theatrical environment where he holds the job of an usher and spends time on Sundays. The author has depicted several occasions that reveal Paul’s emotional fulfillment when he is engaged in the theatre setting. Cather says "It was very much as though these were a great reception and Paul were the host" (Cather 451). The author points out the happiness of Paul while working at the theatre by saying that "as though it were his greatest pleasure in life" (Cather 451). Paul’s eagerness to live a flashy lifestyle is depicted in the line which says; this was Paul’s fairy tale, and it had for him all the allurement of a secret love. The moment he inhaled the gassy, painty, dusty odor behind the scenes, he breathed like a prisoner set free, and felt within him the possibility of doing or saying splendid, brilliant things. (Cather 457) Paul visualizes real life at the theatre which is furnished with garish satins, diamonds and rhinestones. Paul views the setting of the theatre and the setting of his home and school to be at different extremes of the pleasant and unpleasant. Paul is depicted as a sensitive artist who loves the stage and the attractive

Back to reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Back to reality - Essay Example 2) Potential problems and issues in developing sourcing strategies The essence of outsourcing for any given organization is to lower the costs involved in executing the outsourced functions. This is because; the practice is associated with minimizing costs, based on the fact that it does not involve direct hiring of employees by an organization (CIPS, 2012 n.p.). Thus, through contracting for the provision of such services, an organization passes on the responsibility of hiring and retaining staffs to the contracted firm. This strategy has however proved to be more costly than it was anticipated. After a thorough scrutiny of the costs involved in this strategy, it was observed that, despite the fact that the federal employees are highly paid, the US government paid the contractors 1.83 times higher than its employees on average (Williams, 2012 n.p.). Thus, the strategy has proved to be a cost incurrence affair in the guise of cost minimization. This is because; outsourcing for contra ctors to offer services on behalf of an organization results to three elements of costs minimization, which may work to the disadvantage of the organization. First, to save on their costs incurrence and improve their profitability, the firms contracted by an organization embarks on the cost minimizing strategy by reducing quality or resource utilization. Therefore, they may reduce the number of staff they hire, to minimize their expenditure, which on the other hand results to poor service delivery to the organization’s customers (Brown & Wilson, 2012 p58). Secondly, a firm can minimize its costs by transfer savings, where the firm engages in hiring employees at a lower cost, through paying them less. However, the problem associated with this concept is that employee protection shields the employees against such practices, which would mean that the firm might be forced to hire employees of a lower caliber, who might not have the expertise, skills and experiences desired by the organization outsourcing the services (McGovern & Quelch, 2005 p19). Alternatively, the firm offering the outsourced services can minimize its costs through efficiency savings, which involves the use of highly qualified staffs, better work processes and equipments, and high technology usage (Compton & Jessop, 2001 p40). Nevertheless, to achieve efficiency saving, there are other costs involved before the economies of scale is attained. Therefore, in a nutshell, outsourcing of suppliers and contractors is no longer a cost saving strategy. As it turns out, outsourcing has become a costly affair for the organizations involved, prompting the need to revert into in-sourcing and back-sourcing (Emmett & Crocker, 2006 p22). 3) Potential problems and issues in relationship with key suppliers There are potential problems that can be experienced with key suppliers in the outsourcing markets. First, the issue of different expectations between the supplier and the outsourcing company can result to a failed business relationship. The expectations of the supplier and the outsourcing organization should tally, to ensure that the supplier offers services to the customers of the organization, as expected by the organiza

Lan Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lan Design - Assignment Example The network is only meant for administrative purposes and specifically, it is designed for office staffs. CPA LAN is designed to achieve a number of business and operational objectives. To start with, the network is designed to provide a secure administrative and computing service for every department in the firm. Physically and functionally, the network is designed to be restricted from non-employees of the CPA firm; no outsider can gain access to the firm’s network thus it minimizes the risk of unauthorized access. Secondly, the network is meant for versatile processing of information. It will enable its users to process, retrieve and store texts in form of non-ASCII and ASCII, video, graphics and audio from all the connected computers in the firm. Lastly, the CPA firm LAN will combine all the capabilities and powers of various facilities across the organization so as to develop a collaborative medium which will enable the users of the network to combine skill and ideas rega rdless of their locations in the building (Campbell, 1995). Moreover, the primary users of this LAN will be 6 administrators, 6 secretaries, 10 members from the department of curriculum development, 8 members from the human resource department, 6 members from the finance department and 3 members from the computer and technology department. All the remaining workers will be secondary users of the network in a way that they will be receiving information which is produced or rather extracted from the network; they will not directly access the network. The assumption of this design is that the firm will have a firewall to protect all its relevant information from getting into and leaking from the network. Requirements of the Network Data type: The type of data to be served by this network will comprise of accounting information, bulletins, personal profiles, reports and web pages. Most of the data will be stored in non-ASCII and ASCII formats. Sources of data: The data will be developed and used at all points or stations of the network. It will be created by software applications which are compatible with Microsoft Windows 2007; primarily Microsoft Office 2007 (Excel, Access, Word, Outlook and PowerPoint), Dream Weaver, Photoshop, Media Player and Notepad. Number of users at various levels: From the major departmental offices, administration, human resource, finance and accounting, curriculum development and computer and technology extension, thirty one regular primary users will be served. The priority levels to be supported by the network include management, user and background. They range from top, medium to bottom respectively. A crucial point to note here is that the three levels are not corresponding to administrative levels in the firm; they are the LAN service levels. This implies that the network management procedures will receive the top most priority, followed by most network procedures which will receive the medium priority and finally few procedures w ill receive a low priority. A point to note here is that the CPA LAN management will be consuming smaller amounts of bandwidth available; they will enjoy an identical support (Hricik, 2008). Requirements for speed transmission: The CPA LAN will be transparent to all the users. This means that all the remotely executed procedures, files transfers and applications should appear to operate quickly. An average of 25mbps per user

History of Transportation

History of Transportation History of Transportation Transportation was, is and will be one of the most important issues of peoples life. It accounts centuries. Definition of transportation can be different, as the reason, it can mean the trip between two places, two villages, for trade, war or maybe just for journey. It can be done using air, water or land. Transports transformed during centuries and today look much different than in nineteenth or at the beginning of twentieth century and much different than it was in early stages. Transportation is an integral part of history, history itself, in point of fact, has often been determined by movement across the land-movement of armies, of whole peoples in migration and of trade. In the early stages progress rate in land transportation was very slow. Man from the beginning was characterized by movement from one place to another, searching some food, attacking his neighbors, to find wife in other groups and so on. The main goals of man in early stages were: hunting and abduction. But all of these was often behind the human migration, the stronger conquering the weaker. Man for on his own feet could travel more than three miles per hour. Despite the flexibility of his physical structure, he was compared to other animals, which were stronger, more agile, and swifter, but the human animal had certain advantages, big brain, flexible hand structure, he had to walk upright, freeing his hands for the use of tools. Later man started to evaluate substitutes. Firstly he had dragged all the things he needed, but later the man understood that someone else also could do it by his direction and regulation. The animals: dogs, elephants, donkeys camels became the first, who a ppeared in the history of transportation. The earliest vehicle seems to have been the sledge. Very possibly the sledge had its origin in a simple branch drawn behind a man or beast. For thousand years ago the Egyptians used much the same kind of vehicle, but with heavier and stronger runners, to transport immense blocks of stone , some weighing as mush as 800 or 900 tones. So as we see the sledge was very useful, but later however the wheel made its progress. The oldest examples of wheel are found in Mesopotamia and date from the fourth millennium B.C., among the Sumerians, Akkadians, Elamites and Chaldeans. Sumerians were the first people who reach the civilization, so they seem to have been the first who used the full wheel. At the beginning it was three planks of wood , which were pegged together in a rough circle. Soon they strengthened it, using a metal band or tire and finally hollowed out for lightness and equipped with spokes. For a long time the chariots was reserved for the nobility, for trade or by the common peop le as wagons, but it was later. Sumerian chariot changed very little over a thousand years , until the introduction of the horse from central Asia. In the seventeenth century B.C. horse-drawn chariot made its appearance. It became the principal weapon of the Assyrians, who eventually subdues most of the civilized world. [1] The biggest transformations in transport sector started from the construction of roads. Romans constructed a huge road system that made possible to use different types of vehicles and also develop new ones. They had 20 different types of vehicles, from the two-wheeled carpentum, which was very fast and light and had a leather hoot for protection of drivers , to the four-wheel carruca, which could carry whole family. The first real roads, that were constructed were very short. Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar had its famous Procession street , which was made with large stones over a foundation of asphalt, which led through the city to a substantial bridge across the Euphrates. For facilitating the transportation of heavy blocks of stone the Egyptians built roads, which were short, but very broad. Times changed and from year to year people started to invent more energetically and interesting things for transportation. Historically horse, pulling a vehicle was very useful for people, but later they started to create different kinds of apparatus, which provided for them more energy to get from one place to another, from time to time. And so we come to the curious mechanical vehicles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and which were operated by land levers. First everything started with invention of different and small carriages, which was possible to drive without horses. In 1645 Jean Theson create a small four-wheeled carriage , which was driven without horses for two seated man. Another invention was made by German , Hautsch around 1600, which also was used without horses. The ancient Chinese had attached some sails for their cart, which helped them along, the elector Johann Friedrich built a vehicle of this type in Europe in 1543. In 1600 Simon Stevin a military engineer, built a famous chariot, it had two masts, a plough-shaped rudder and all kinds of ingenious devices for trimming or lowering the sails with dispatch. In 1826 an English man , George Pocock launched smaller carriage, which he called flying Chariot, of course without horses, it worked average from 15 to 20 miles an hour. There was also another wind-propelled vehicles , named Flying Coach , which was invented by Non Jose Boscasa and Hacquets Eolienne The latter , favored by a southwest wind, actually sailed through the streets of Paris one day in 1834. The first steam carriage which actually worked and could not go faster than 4 miles per hour was Nicolas Cugnots fardier , a large cart. Intended to transport guns or other heavy loads , it was made of stout beams and had three huge , iron-strapped wheels, with power delivered direct to the single wheel in front by two massive cylinders. A big boiler and firebox were suspended over the front wheel, making it even more cumbersome. This frightening monster , which was tested before the Minister Choiseul in 1769, had to stop every 15 minutes to get up more steam and vibrated so much that it finally escaped from its inventor and tore into a wall of the arsenal. Nevertheless, it was the first vehicle in which the thrust of pistons successfully turned a driving wheel; in order words it was really the first automobile .[2] The fardier can still be seen at the Conservatoire des Arts et MÃ ©tiers in Paris. On view at the Birmingham Museum is the second forerunner of the automobile, a small steam model built by William Murdock, Watts assistant in 1784. With its light wheels and little smokestack at the back it looks frail compared to the heavy fardier. The third pioneer vehicle was Oliver Evanss steam carriage, which he drove through the streets of Philadelphia toward the end of 1804. It was a huge amphibious boat which had been built to dredge the Schuylkill River. Evans named it the Orukter Amphibolos or the digger which works all ways because it was equipped with wheels for land travel and paddlewheel for the water. And it actually worked ,lumbering several miles over uneven ground before entering the river, where the paddlewheel took over from the belts which drove the wheels. In 1891 Richard Trevithick , helped by Andre Vivian, built a steam carriage with the engine in the rear which could carry about a dozen passengers at nine miles an hour. Two years later, before turning to the steam railway, Trevithick actually ran a steam tricycle through the streets of London. In the next 30 years or so quite a number of self -propelled steam carriages were built and operated on the new , hard surfaced roads of England and with considerable success. Outstanding was the steam carriage of Goldsworthy Gurney, which weighed two tones. By 1832 his coach was running on schedule four times daily between Gloucester and Cheltenham. In 396 trips it carried 3 000 passengers without mischance. Around 1834 Walter Hancock was operating several lines, including his Paddington-City of London run. But all these coaches disappeared and the same happened in France even through Onesiphore Pecqueur in 1828 had invented true modern steering with two wheels, and the differential for a re ar-wheel drive. Later train became very popular among other transports, its success was irresistible, of course because it could go faster with great safety and economy and also could carry more passengers. The railroad interests combines with owners of horse drawn stages , with people who sold horses , with turnpike companies , and farmers who grew oats for fodder -pushed through a series of laws hampering and taxing the road locomotives, forbidding them to travel faster than four miles an hour and finally requiring a man with a red flag to precede each self-propelled vehicle on a public highway. The latter act was not repealed until 1896. thus with the failure of the steam coaches Britain was deprived of any chance for an early lead in the automobile field. Bollees, were father and sons , who brought steam back on the road. Their first machine was the Obeissante a 15- horsepower monster weighing five tones and traveling at 24 miles per hour. It was well received when it was shown in Paris in 1873 . Five years later the Mancelle, a much smaller machine ,made its importance, it was much more economical. By this time Bollee machines became known throughout the Europe. There was the Marie-Anne , Nouvelle of 1880 , which could do 27 miles per hour , per Avant-Courrier of the same year and the Rapide of 1881. Count Albert de Dion, with the mechanic Georges Bouton, worked out a little three-wheeler in 1883 which could be drive by one man. He followed it with others, faster and more economical. But the principal inconveniences remained: the driver had to stock water and coal, light the fire, wait for his car to get up steam and finally he had to abandon all thoughts of traveling faster then 24 miles per hour prescribed by law. There is a great need. Baudry de Saunier wrote, to produce almost instantly and with little pressure the quantity of steam needed and to do it with a strictly non-explosive boiler.ÂÂ » Leon Serpollet, last of the great steam-car inventors , did prissily this , making the Paris to Enghien-less-Bains run in 1888 on a kind tricycle which answered Baudry de Sauniers equipments. In 1890, with Ernst Archdeacon , he made the Paris-Lyon run in ten days. At Nice in 1902 Serpollet achieved a speed of 75 miles per hour. An eclectic automobile by Nicolas Raffard appeared in Paris in 1883 . About the same time an English man , Magnus Volk, brought out a similar car, while a carriage builder named Jentaud produced one with a seven horse-power engine that could make 15 miles an hour. Later on , a racing car by Jenataud achieved a world record- 56 miles per hour. This was finally capped by Camille Jenatzys electric Jamais Contente, which did 65 miles per hour. At the end of nineteenth century, when the gasoline automobile was still young, it seemed for a time as if the electric car might be the automobile of the future. Many were built -silent, powerful, and comfortable and were a common sight up into the 1920s, especially in the cities. But electric traction had a serious defect: the batteries often weighed a ton, and the driver had to stop frequently to recharge them. [3] It is difficult to say, who was the inventor of the first engine . Philippe Lebon in 1800 planned to explode a medley of air and lighting gas in a cylinder to move a piston.. Other inventors used gases and hydrocarbons as fuel and experimented mostly in design. Combustion engine first became commercially successful in middle of nineteenth century with small gas engines,, whose inventor was French, Joseph Etienne Lenoir. The next was to compress the mixture before exploding it , an idea which was worked out in terms of the conventional engine by Beau de Rochas, in 1862 . The idea was taken up in 1867 by Nikolaus Otto, he produced engine two times, as economical one and as fast as Lenoirs. His four-cycle Otto Silent of 1876 led directly to the modern automobile engine. Daimler, hitting upon gasoline as a fuel, produced a lightweight engine which he tested on a bicycle in 1885 , thus unwittingly inventing the motorcycle. His first automobile was a four-wheeler. Benzs was a simple three-wheeler , but it had some features, that anticipated the modern automobile., a rudimentary water-cooling radiator, differential gear and electrical instead of flame ignition. Its engine was a four-cycle. Like the Daimler , its speed was around 10 miles per hour. . Daimler sold his patent to Rene Panhard and the engineer Emile Levassor, who wanted to introduce the automobile to France. The first test was in 1890 and 1891 . The objective was to go from Porte dIvry to the Viaduct of Auteuil and back without engine trouble, an objective that was soon achieved. After this the firm of Ponhard-Levassor received its first order and soon was sharing it with Armand Peugeot who also used the patent of Daimler. In 1894 by Pierre Giffard of the Petit Journal organized the first great race between Paris and Rouen-77 miles, the competition was between all types of automobiles: whether steam, electric, or gasoline. The winner was Count Albert de Dion, who averaged 13 miles per hour in the little steam car. In 1895 a second race was organized ,much longer and more difficult, fro Paris to Bordeaux and return, a distance of 744 miles. Steam was represented by one of count de Dions cars, two Serpollets, and Bollees Mancelle, gasoline by a Panhard Levassor and three Peugeots and electricity by Jeantaud . From the 21 vehicles, which participated, Panhard Levassor was who won, completing the course in less than half of 100 hours anticipated by the organizers. The superiority of gasoline over steam and electricity was proved beyond a doubt. The race proved also that an automobile, like a bicycle could and should ride upon air. Michelin Brothers had been proved a success -even through they had to be ch anged by the drivers every 93 miles. The next round was infernal and murderous, right up to the Indianapolis race of today , the 24 hors of the Le Mans , of Monte Carlo, of other places. There was the Tour de France, from Paris to Berlin, the Paris-Vienna , the Gordon Bennett Cup and the bloody Paris- Madrid race of 1903, in which was killed Marcel Renault. During the Competition the roads between cities were turned into mad circuses filled with surging crowds. Out of the noise was born Germanys Taunus meet, Italys Monza, Englands Brooklands and in the United States , the Atlantic City. From year to year the automobiles improved. Then there were rallies and competitions, which sent the automobiles in different sides of the world. The United States , saw its first successful gasoline automobile in 1893-that of Charles and Frank Duryea. It was a small, four-horsepower phaeton with little engine. American Automobile industry comes form 1896, when the Duryea Motor Wagon Company produced 14 cars. The First Packard introduced in 1899. But the real contribution of United States was in mass production and the start player , her was Henry Ford, who is famous for all of us. Henry Ford first started with stem, but later he left the idea. He put together his first successful gasoline buggy in 1896, then series of cars 999, the Arrow and others and could not decide , which one of them was better. The answer on this question, later was received in Europe , first by Citroen and then by others. The immediate result was the Model T Ford. In 1909 Henry Ford had written that that the automobile of the future must be superior to the present car to beget confidence in the man of limited means , and sufficiently lower in price to insure sales for an enormously increased output. He said: the car of the future must be a car for peoplethe market for a lower-priced car is unlimited. [4]And latter, every one saw ,that he was really write, because the number of sold cars sharply increased. Between 1908 and 1928 there were sold more than 15 million Model T Fords. During 1925 , only in one day alone, more than 9000 were built.[5] Later the competitors and successors follo wed the example of Henry Ford, because it was really good idea, who else could imagine and do it. The First design of carriage in Italy , which could run without horses , was done by famous artist Leonardo da Vinci, if we look back. But Father Barsanti and Professor Mattenci were, who together took out a patent for a gas engine in 1854. In 1894 Colonel Bordino produced a small automobile. But the real beginning was in 1895 , the year the celebrated Agnelli created the no less celebrated Fiat in Turin. A Fiat in 1907 won a magnificent triple victory: the Traga Florio, the Sarthe circuit and the Emperors Cup. The road had been prepared for the elegant automobile, for automobiles, which are named as Lancia, Ferrari, Maserati and Alfa-Romeo. Now the automobile has everything it needed, things such as four-cylinder engine, wheels of the same size all around, electric lighting, an electrical self-starter , and for all of that we have to be thankful for American inventor Charles Kettering, who invented this automobile in 1911. [6] Looking at all these historical points we saw that the transportation was important not only in nineteenth century and today, but it comes from much earlier period, people used transportation for different reasons .During many years transportation transformed and the period from the nineteenth century to the present was the period of amazing changes and progresses in automobile industry. Transportation started by foots with man from early stages and today continues with luxury automobiles. In past we saw that the automobile was very luxury and very expensive pleasure for people, but today it is very necessary thing, which has almost all families and use them for different necessity , but as it was as in past , today automobile industry also feels and faces many different problems . What will be tomorrow nobody knows, how transportation and automobile industry can transform, maybe we can dream about something more, about something unbelievable in this sector. Meaning ofCommon Transport Policy Since the entry into force of the Treaty of Rome in 1958, the transport industry ,faithful servant that it is ,has undergone significant change in order to adopt to the growth and needs of international trade. [7] The Treaty of Rome provides the legal basis for the creation of a common transport policy . Next to agriculture and commercial policy the Common Transport Policy is one of the three common policies specially mentioned n Article 3 of the Treaty as one of the activities the Community must pursue in order to establish a common market and progressively to and progressively approximate the economic policies of the Member StatesÂÂ ». Irrespective of the Treaty provisions, transport policy left under the control of the Member States . The Member States pursue different transport policies and proceed from different bases for State intervention. [8] Common policy means reformulating the policies of Member States to form a single Community policy: a process of integration culminating is supranational transport policy. [9] The main aim of the policy is to shun the difference between Member States. Transport industry has few differences from other industrial sectors. When we are talking about economic fields: Transport is used as an instrument of State economic policy. Transport is a major industry by such criteria , that ii is measured : employment , investment and etc. [10]In transport sectors are employed high percentage of workers . Transport sector of EU-15 employed 6.2 million people, and that increased to 7.4 million after enlargement of 2004.[11] Transport industry is important activity to other industrial sectors and its levels of rates are crucial to the States economy. In a market promoting specialized production, the consumer and the producer , both depend on transport , to meet their each others needs. The independent carrier, occupies a central position in the market as a whole: this his policies, unless regulated, can hinder international trade by discriminating as to charges between producers or also between consumers. Some regulations are important for modes which are covered but Transport , such as road rail, inland, waterway, sea and air, because most of them are competing with each other and sometimes conflicts are irreversible. Transport is an industry with public service obligations, where governments often intervene by obliging some services and also by controlling the tariffs. Railways are used an instrument of economic policy, where public financing of the infrastructure is very common. In case of roads, the building of roads often depends on the State, but once the roads are built and open to traffic many different types of users take advantage of their existence. Transport industry is characterized by undertakings of dissimilar structure, which provides interchangeable services. Inelasticity in the supply of transport owing of the perishability of its services makes full freedom of competition impracticable. Transport sector is subject to many international agreements, whose some of the Member states are parties and have to fulfill international obligations. In area of inland waterways, the Commission has incomplete competence because of relationships with third countries. The Rhine regime, which is established by the Mannheim Convention in 1868 , with Central Commission implementing its provisions, cannot be ignored. The Central Commission, within the EC territory governs the most important single constituent in inland transport. The area of air and maritime transport are governed by many international treaties. All this factors which are mentioned above made difficulties for the Union to develop such as policies, which will spirit the integration of transport services and satisfy the needs of the single European market. [12] The most important changes in European Transport industry started from 1970s, when increased the usage of road transport. This gross was really dramatic and it effected the railway transport. During the 1970s the rails share of the passenger market has fallen from 10.2 % to 6.3 %.[13] European railway increased investment on developing fundamental new techniques and infrastructures, such as high speed trains: TGV, Eurostar and etc., for competition with other transports modes. Also was mentioned the high increase in air transport for long-haul journeys and maritime transport has been relegated to the short-haul ferry market. [14] In the European Union transport sector is very important issue, it provides 4% of the GDP. Also as we already mentioned above, it provides employment for EU citizens. In 1991, employees in the transport sector constituted between 4 % and 5% of waged labor. It amounted to 5.6 million people, 2, 509000 of them were employed in road transport, 897000 in rail transport , 24 000 in inland waterway transport , 217000 in maritime and 349000 in air and 1569000[15] in other sector which are related to transport industry. Transport sector is the growth industry in European Union. The demand In industry is generally proportionate to Gross Domestic Product. Taking the average annual economic growth in the European Union since 1970 as 2.6 %, the growth in goods transport services has been 2.3 % and passenger transport services 3.1%. Transport is the link which brings together people and products from all European regions, above all the remoter regions. Transport in European Union was and is characterized by a great measure of government invention and a confused network of bilateral and multilateral inter-state agreements in which the Member States used to and still participate. [16] When we speak about Common Transport Policy it is important to distinguish three phases of this policy. First phase of the transport policy started after the entry into force of Treaty of Rime and continued till 1973-1974. During this phase , the European Community , was concentrated on creation of common market fro transport by road, inland waterways, rail and opening the national market between all Member States for competition. This idea was formulated in 1961 Memorandum by Commission and in 1962 Action Programme. [17] First phase of Common transport policy involved discussions between Member States and Commission, because the provisions giver by the Treaty were not concreted to what it should contain. At the end of the second phase, from 1973 , the accession of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom to the European Community introduced more liberal and less land-centred views into inactive transport policy [18] At the end of 1973, The development of Common Transport Policy was determined again by the Commission and The Council . In 1974 in maritime and air transport sector two important events took place for development of Common Transport Policy : the Court gave judgment in the French Seamen case and under the auspices of the United Nations, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Code of Conduct for Liner Conference was adopted. [19] Third phase started from 1983, when the various proposals for structured development of the Common Transport Policy , in several memoranda concerning the inland ( 1983), air (1984) and maritime ( 1985) sectors.[20] Speaking about Transport policy it is important to mention the main factors, which influence , such as: geography, technology, wealth. The oldest influence probably lies in the physical features of European geographical environment, which can encourage or discourage travel. It is relatively easy to travel up and down a river valley such as the Rhine and Danube , much harder to cross major physical barriers such as the Alps or the Pyrenees other then by air. Most traffic crossing the English Channel or the Baltic has to go by the sea, though there is now a Channel Tunnel Between England and France, opened in 1994 and the Oresund bridge between Denmark and Sweden, opened in 2000. There are four rail tunnels through the Alps and seven road crossings, but some of these are open in summer only, and the two road tunnels between France and Italy, opened in 1965 and 1980, are single-bore with just one line of traffic in each direction. Heavy-goods traffic is heavily dependent on these two narrow tunnels, another under the Gotthard Pass in Switzerland and the one major four-lane highway which crosses the Brenner Pass at 1, 3 72 meters. The only significant rail and road crossings of the Pyrenees follow the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Since these mountain chance and sea crossing generally coincide with national frontiers, which indeed they have often determined, they also contribute to keeping national transport policies separate. [21]Sometimes the national frontiers doesnt coincide the physical barriers. People always thought about travel and trading goods in places ,where they can use their own language , were their rights are respected and they have easier access to the education and medical system. It is very interesting in this case to mention the situation in German after the Second World War .When Germany was divided into two parts its system of roads and railways , built to facilitate military and civilian communications on East and West axis, had to be reconfigured to strengthen North-South communications on either side of the Iron Curtain.[22] After the reunification European Union is reducing the importance of national frontiers, for example with the creation of single currency of Europe-Euro, but for some people it is difficult to cross the borders and go to study or work , for few of the it is unbelievable to cross national borders, even where are no the physical barriers , who can avoid them. Even with the single European market, the volume of international trade in 1994 was only about 7% of the tonnage mowed within national frontiers.[23] Second important influencing on transport policy is technology. As we already mentioned, when we discussed the history of transportation , transport sector developed many times, during many years, first the feet presented the main transport for people, then transports developed by wheel , sail ant etc and over the past 250 years the steam engine, internal combustion engine, the jet engine , and electric traction have each facilitated a step-change in technology [24] the main objective of such as technological revolutions are to make transportation more comfortable, easier, cheaper and safer. The third factor which has the major influence on transport policy is wealth. There is very strong correlation between economic performance as measured by gross domestic product and the growth of goods and passenger transport. It seems that the more we earn , the more we spend on travel and on the consumption of goods which themselves have to be transported over long distances to reach our homes .And there is no sign as yet that these trends will not continue to generate a steadily increasing demand for transport. In 2001 Transport White Paper, the commission estimated that GDP growth of 43% between 1998 and 2010 will generate increases in the movement of passengers and goods of 24% and 38% receptivity. [25] Transport policy as we already mentioned above is very important issue for European Union , because it is important policy for economic sector of the Union, for Environment, for Labor Market and also for competition. And European Union always tries to implement different strategies to improve and reconstructure this policy for the weal-being of the citizens. Modes of Transport Transport sector covers different modes such as: road transport, railway, waterway and air transport. Development of all these modes is different by times and by structures. In this part we will discuss recent developments in European different modes of transport sector. Personal mobility has more then doubled from 17km a day in 1970 to 38km in the late 1990s.Road transport is Europes dominant transport mode and its dominance continues to grow. Private car ownership in the EU -15 increased from 232 per thousand in 1975 to 469per thousand in 2000 and continues to grow .[26] Road transport at the end of 1990s represented 44% of the goods transport market compared with 44% for short sea shipping, 8% for rail and 4% for inland waterways. In passenger transport it represented 79% of the market, 5 % of air and also 6% of railways. Development of road transport is very important and interesting case , because during last years the volume of road freight grew by 3.5% a year and 7% in the case of cross-border freight. The roads now take about 75% of freight traffic within the EU , compared with less than 50% in 1970. As regards road transport, the key mode is the private car and growth in car use. During last 30 years the number of cars tripled, at an increase of 3 million cars each year. For 1975 there were 232 cars per 1000 people and now there are 444 cars per 1000 persons.[27] For promotion of more safety transport , European Union introduced some legislations on the driver qualifications, inspection of cars

The Ambiguous Line Between Right and Wrong in My Sisters Keeperby Jodi

There is an ambiguous line between right and wrong that can cause difficulty when making decisions. Jodi Picoult's My Sister's Keeper demonstrates the grey area between right and wrong through a family's struggle with ethics. First, Anna's character struggles to do what is right while keeping the consequences of her actions in mind. Second, Sara's conflict with society shows how problematic it can be to do what seems right for one's family. Finally, the symbolism of stars and dark matter depicts how natural it can be to overlook what is unjust and only see what is right. Through Anna's character, Sara's conflict with society, and the symbolism of stars and dark matter, Picoult's My Sister's Keeper suggests that in order to do what is right, one may have to do what is perceived as wrong. First, Anna faces many challenges when making decisions that could have both positive and negative results surrounding her sister's acute promyelocytic leukemia. To begin with, Anna is a mature and independent teenager who is capable of making her own decisions. Anna does not want to involuntarily donate a kidney to her sister, Kate, so she sues her parents for medical emancipation. By wanting full rights to her own body, which she is entitled to, Anna's actions are perceived as selfish and morally wrong because she is risking Kate's life. Eventually, at the climax of the novel, Anna demonstrates that she is compassionate by disclosing her hidden motive. Anna admits that Kate â€Å"asked me to kill her† (Picoult 388), revealing her real reason for filing a lawsuit. Because Anna is doing this as the result of her sister's wish to die, she is doing the right thing for Kate, demonstrating that her â€Å"wrong† is really a â€Å"right†. Ironically by the end of th.. . ...which is unfair for the overlooked star but good for its twin. Stars and dark matter symbolize the difficulty there is in understanding and making decisions based on both what is right and what is wrong. In conclusion, Picoult's My Sister's Keeper suggests that there is an ambiguous line between doing what is right and what is wrong, as shown through Anna's character, Sara's conflict with society, and the symbolism of stars and dark matter. First, Anna struggles to balance her values and their repercussions. Second, Sara comes across many battles against society as she tries to do what is right for her family. Finally, the symbolism of stars and dark matter shows how what is right can outshine what is also wrong. The overlap of what is thought to be right and what is thought to be wrong makes the reader contemplate his or her own decisions, and judgements of others. The Ambiguous Line Between Right and Wrong in My Sister's Keeperby Jodi There is an ambiguous line between right and wrong that can cause difficulty when making decisions. Jodi Picoult's My Sister's Keeper demonstrates the grey area between right and wrong through a family's struggle with ethics. First, Anna's character struggles to do what is right while keeping the consequences of her actions in mind. Second, Sara's conflict with society shows how problematic it can be to do what seems right for one's family. Finally, the symbolism of stars and dark matter depicts how natural it can be to overlook what is unjust and only see what is right. Through Anna's character, Sara's conflict with society, and the symbolism of stars and dark matter, Picoult's My Sister's Keeper suggests that in order to do what is right, one may have to do what is perceived as wrong. First, Anna faces many challenges when making decisions that could have both positive and negative results surrounding her sister's acute promyelocytic leukemia. To begin with, Anna is a mature and independent teenager who is capable of making her own decisions. Anna does not want to involuntarily donate a kidney to her sister, Kate, so she sues her parents for medical emancipation. By wanting full rights to her own body, which she is entitled to, Anna's actions are perceived as selfish and morally wrong because she is risking Kate's life. Eventually, at the climax of the novel, Anna demonstrates that she is compassionate by disclosing her hidden motive. Anna admits that Kate â€Å"asked me to kill her† (Picoult 388), revealing her real reason for filing a lawsuit. Because Anna is doing this as the result of her sister's wish to die, she is doing the right thing for Kate, demonstrating that her â€Å"wrong† is really a â€Å"right†. Ironically by the end of th.. . ...which is unfair for the overlooked star but good for its twin. Stars and dark matter symbolize the difficulty there is in understanding and making decisions based on both what is right and what is wrong. In conclusion, Picoult's My Sister's Keeper suggests that there is an ambiguous line between doing what is right and what is wrong, as shown through Anna's character, Sara's conflict with society, and the symbolism of stars and dark matter. First, Anna struggles to balance her values and their repercussions. Second, Sara comes across many battles against society as she tries to do what is right for her family. Finally, the symbolism of stars and dark matter shows how what is right can outshine what is also wrong. The overlap of what is thought to be right and what is thought to be wrong makes the reader contemplate his or her own decisions, and judgements of others.